Arginine Enhancement: Viagra-Like Effects
From Watermelon
July 1, 2008
A cold slice of watermelon has long been a Fourth of July holiday staple.
But according to recent studies, the juicy fruit may be better suited for
Valentine's Day.
That's because scientists say watermelon has ingredients that deliver
Viagra-like effects to the body's blood vessels and may even increase
libido.
"The more we study watermelons, the more we realize just how amazing a fruit
it is in providing natural enhancers to the human body," said Dr. Bhimu
Patil, director of Texas A&M's Fruit and Vegetable Improvement Center in
College Station.
"We've always known that watermelon is good for you, but the list of its
very important healthful benefits grows longer with each study."
Beneficial ingredients in watermelon and other fruits and vegetables are
known as phyto-nutrients, naturally occurring compounds that are bioactive,
or able to react with the human body to trigger healthy reactions, Patil
said.
In watermelons, these include lycopene, beta carotene and the rising star
among its phyto-nutrients - citrulline - whose beneficial functions are now
being unraveled. Among them is the ability to relax blood vessels, much like
Viagra does.
Scientists know that when watermelon is consumed, citrulline is converted to
arginine through certain enzymes. Arginine is an amino acid that works
wonders on the heart and circulation system and maintains a good immune
system, Patil said.
"The citrulline-arginine relationship helps heart health, the immune system
and may prove to be very helpful for those who suffer from obesity and type
2 diabetes," said Patil. "Arginine boosts nitric oxide, which relaxes blood
vessels, the same basic effect that Viagra has, to treat erectile
dysfunction and maybe even prevent it."
While there are many psychological and physiological problems that can cause
impotence, extra nitric oxide could help those who need increased blood
flow, which would also help treat angina, high blood pressure and other
cardiovascular problems.
"Watermelon may not be as organ specific as Viagra," Patil said, "but it's a
great way to relax blood vessels without any drug side-effects."
The benefits of watermelon don't end there, he said. Arginine also helps the
urea cycle by removing ammonia and other toxic compounds from our bodies.
Citrulline, the precursor to arginine, is found in higher concentrations in
the rind of watermelons than the flesh. As the rind is not commonly eaten,
two of Patil's fellow scientists, drs. Steve King and Hae Jeen Bang, are
working to breed new varieties with higher concentrations in the flesh.
In addition to the research by Texas A&M, watermelon's phyto-nutrients are
being studied by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research
Service in Lane, Oklahoma.
As an added bonus, these studies have also shown that deep red varieties of
watermelon have displaced the tomato as the lycopene king, Patil said.
Almost 92 percent of watermelon is water, but the remaining 8 percent is
loaded with lycopene, an anti-oxidant that protects the human heart,
prostate and skin health.
"Lycopene, which is also found in red grapefruit, was historically thought
to exist only in tomatoes," he said. "But now we know that it's found in
higher concentrations in red watermelon varieties."
Lycopene, however, is fat-soluble, meaning that it needs certain fats in the
blood for better absorption by the body, Patil said.
"Previous tests have shown that lycopene is much better absorbed from
tomatoes when mixed in a salad with oily vegetables like avocado or
spinach," Patil said. "That would also apply to the lycopene from
watermelon, but I realize mixing watermelon with spinach or avocadoes is a
very hard sell."
No studies have been conducted to determine the timing of the consumption of
oily vegetables to improve lycopene absorption, he said.
"One final bit of advice for those Fourth of July watermelons you buy,"
Patil said. "They store much better uncut if you leave them at room
temperature. Lycopene levels can be maintained even as it sits on your
kitchen floor. But once you cut it, refrigerate. And enjoy."
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