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Hypertension Reduced
By Active Ingredient In Common Chinese Herb
Jan. 23, 2007
Some 50 million Americans have hypertension, that is, blood pressure
measuring above the normal range (less than 120/80 mmHg). If untreated, it
can lead to heart attacks, strokes, or kidney disease. Lifestyle changes are
the first-stage treatment for the disease, but if they fail, medications are
prescribed.
Many patients with high blood pressure have sought relief from complementary
and alternative medicine (CAM). In so doing, many have consumed danshen, a
Chinese herb used in Oriental medicine that promotes blood flow and treats
cardiovascular disease.
Tanshinone IIA is an active ingredient of danshen. Since tanshinone IIA is
widely available, a team of researchers has used it to investigate if this
active ingredient can reduce blood pressure. In a soon-to-be-released study,
using an animal model, the scientists have found that tanshinone IIA does
reduce blood pressure.
Summary of Methodology
To assess the effect of tanshinone IIA, the protocol consisted of several
parts. The researchers applied the 2-kidney-1-clip protocol to induce renal
hypertension in male golden Syrian hamsters. The animals were anesthetized
and a retroperitoneal approach was used to place a silver clip to constrict
the right renal artery. Sham-operated hamsters and mice underwent the same
procedure, except for the placement of a clip.
Both sets of hamsters received 50 ¦Ìg of tanshinone IIA/100g of body weight
once a day for two weeks. After the two-week treatment period, mean arterial
blood pressure was measured in the right carotid artery. To examine the
microvascular actions of tanshinone IIA researchers applied it topically to
the hamsters¡¯ cheek pouch or mice cremaster muscles to achieve the final
concentration of one ¦Ìg/ml or five ¦Ìg/ml. After the application of
tanshinone IIA, the experiment was continued for an additional 60-minute
period in order to measure arteriolar diameter and peri-arteriolar nitric
oxide concentration.
Results
Tanshinone IIA was found to have significantly reduced blood pressure in the
hamsters. The experimental constriction of the renal artery increased mean
arterial pressure to 161.2¡À6.9 mmHg relative to 114.3¡À9.2 mmHg in
age-matched hamsters. Treatment with 50 ¦Ìg tanshinone IIA/100g body for two
weeks reduced the mean arterial pressure from 161.2¡À6.9 to 130.0¡À7.8 mmHg.
The research team also discovered that tanshinone IIA caused widening of the
arterioles in the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation via enhanced
expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The topical application of
tanshinone IIA at one ¦Ìg/ml and five ¦Ìg/ml caused significant dose-related
vasodilation, indicated by the increased agent/control ratio of arteriolar
diameters from 1.0 to 1.25¡À0.08 and 1.57¡À0.11, respectively, in the
hamster cheek pouch. The increase in arteriolar diameter ratio was
significant relative to the vehicle for each concentration as well as for
comparison between the two concentrations of tanshinone IIA.
Conclusions
As a result of the findings the researchers concluded that tanshinone IIA:
(1) significantly reduced blood pressure in hamsters, (2) enhanced the
expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, (3) increased the
production of nitric oxide and (4) induced blood pressure changes through
vasodilation in hamster blood microvessels. While the mechanisms of how
tanshinone IIA or danshen work in hypertension are not yet fully understood,
these results contribute to the effort to bring complementary and
alternative medicine and allopathic care closer together in the treatment of
hypertensive patients.
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